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Injury Center

Knowledge base for sports injuries

Information here should be considered as advisory and for information purposes. The information is presented in collaboration with licensed chiropractor and from 1177. In an emergency, always call 112.

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Hip flexor strain

Pain or tenderness at the front of the hip or upper thigh, often after acceleration, kicking or forceful hip flexion.

HipMuscleMildModerateSevere

Elbow dislocation

The elbow joint becomes dislocated, usually causing severe pain and marked loss of function.

ElbowJointMildModerateSevere

Clavicle fracture

A clavicle fracture, often causing clear pain and reduced use of the arm after trauma.

ShoulderBoneMildModerateSevere

Labral injury

Injury or irritation of the shoulder labrum that may cause pain, clicking or instability.

ShoulderJointMildModerateSevere

Subacromial shoulder pain

Shoulder pain, often during arm elevation; symptoms alone do not establish a specific structural lesion.

ShoulderTendonMildModerateSevere

Rotator cuff injury

Pain and sometimes marked weakness when the arm is lifted or rotated.

ShoulderMuscleMildModerateSevere

AC joint injury

Injury to the joint between the collarbone and shoulder blade, often after a direct fall onto the shoulder.

ShoulderJointMildModerateSevere

Shoulder dislocation

The shoulder joint becomes dislocated, usually causing severe pain and marked loss of function.

ShoulderJointMildModerateSevere

Vertebral fracture

A vertebral fracture, usually following significant trauma.

BackBoneMildModerateSevere

Low back overuse

Gradually increasing low back pain or stiffness related to loading.

BackMuscleMildModerateSevere

Acute low back pain

Acute low back pain that can occur suddenly and cause stiffness and limited movement.

BackMuscleMildModerateSevere

Rib injury

Pain and tenderness over the ribs after a blow, fall or other force to the chest.

ChestBoneMildModerateSevere

Pelvic / hip stress fracture

An overuse injury in which repetitive loading causes a crack in bone.

HipBoneMildModerateSevere

Hip joint problem

A hip-joint problem that may cause pain, stiffness or reduced function.

HipJointMildModerateSevere

Elbow contusion

A blow to the elbow that may cause local pain, tenderness and swelling.

ElbowMuscleMildModerateSevere

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Osgood-Schlatter disease is a growth-related overuse condition affecting the area where the patellar tendon attaches to the upper shinbone. It is common in growing children and adolescents and is often aggravated by running, jumping, sprinting and other explosive activities.

KneeTendonMildModerateSevere

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

A pain condition around or behind the kneecap that usually develops gradually. It is common in physically active adolescents and may occur when the load placed on the knee exceeds the body's ability to adapt.

KneeJointMildModerateSevere

Patellar Tendinopathy

An overuse injury affecting the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shinbone. Pain usually develops gradually and is common in athletes exposed to frequent jumping, sprinting, acceleration, and rapid changes of direction.

KneeTendonMildModerateSevere

Quadriceps Muscle Tear

A partial or more extensive tear of the quadriceps muscles at the front of the thigh. It commonly occurs during explosive movements such as sprinting, acceleration, jumping, powerful kicking, or rapid changes of direction.

HamstringMuscleMildModerateSevere

Quadriceps Strain

A strain or minor muscle injury affecting the quadriceps muscles at the front of the thigh. It commonly occurs during sprinting, acceleration, jumping, powerful kicking, or rapid changes of direction.

HamstringMuscleMildModerateSevere

Calf Muscle Tear

A partial or more extensive tear in the calf muscles, often involving the gastrocnemius or the muscle-tendon junction. The injury commonly occurs during explosive movements such as sprinting, acceleration, jumping, or powerful push-offs.

CalfMuscleMildModerateSevere

Calf Strain

A strain or minor muscle injury affecting the calf muscles, often the superficial gastrocnemius muscle. The injury commonly occurs during explosive movements such as sprinting, acceleration, jumping, or sudden changes of direction.

CalfMuscleMildModerateSevere

Groin Muscle Tear

A partial or more extensive tear in one or more of the adductor muscles on the inside of the thigh. The injury often occurs during sprinting, acceleration, changes of direction, powerful kicking, or when the leg is suddenly forced outward.

GroinMuscleMildModerateSevere

Groin strain

A groin strain involves an overload or minor injury to the muscles on the inside of the thigh, commonly the adductor muscles. It often occurs during rapid changes of direction, acceleration or kicking.

GroinMuscleMildModerateSevere

Hamstring injury

A hamstring injury involves an overload or tear of the muscles at the back of the thigh. It commonly occurs during sprinting or other activities in which the hamstrings are exposed to high and rapid loads.

HamstringMuscleMildModerateSevere

Thigh contusion

A thigh contusion is a direct impact injury to the soft tissues of the thigh, most commonly the quadriceps. The impact can cause bleeding and swelling within or around the muscle.

HamstringMuscleMildModerateSevere

Ankle sprain

An ankle sprain occurs when one or more ankle ligaments are overstretched or injured. The most common type occurs when the foot rolls inward and the outer ankle ligaments are stressed.

AnkleLigamentMildModerateSevere

Ankle syndesmosis injury

An injury to the ligaments connecting the tibia and fibula above the ankle. The syndesmosis helps stabilize the ankle and the injury is often called a high ankle sprain.

AnkleLigamentMildModerateSevere

Big toe sprain

A big toe sprain is an injury to the ligaments, joint capsule or other stabilizing structures around the big toe's main joint. It often occurs when the big toe is forced upward while the foot is loaded, for example when a football player gets the forefoot caught against the ground. The injury is often referred to as turf toe.

FootLigamentMildModerateSevere

Compartment syndrome

Compartment syndrome occurs when pressure increases within a closed muscle compartment and affects blood flow and the function of muscles and nerves. Acute compartment syndrome can develop after a fracture or significant injury and is a medical emergency. Chronic or exertional compartment syndrome develops during repeated physical activity and typically improves when the activity stops.

Lower legOther tissueMildModerateSevere

Achilles tendinopathy

Achilles tendinopathy involves pain and reduced load tolerance in the Achilles tendon, usually as a result of repeated or rapidly increased loading. Symptoms typically develop gradually and may occur in the middle portion of the tendon or near its attachment to the heel bone.

CalfTendonMildModerateSevere

Heel spur / plantar heel pain

Plantar heel pain is pain beneath the heel and is often associated with loading of the plantar fascia. A heel spur seen on imaging does not necessarily cause the pain and can also occur in people without symptoms.

FootTendonMildModerateSevere

Bone stress injury in young athletes

A bone stress injury occurs when repeated loading exceeds the bone's ability to recover and adapt. In young athletes, growth, increases in training, recovery, and energy and nutrient availability are particularly important factors.

Lower legBoneMildModerateSevere

Menstrual-related symptoms in athletes

Menstrual-related symptoms may include pain, heavy bleeding, irregular menstruation, absence of menstruation, or other symptoms affecting daily life and sport. Some variation is normal, but new or significant symptoms should be assessed.

MildModerateSevere

RED-S

RED-S (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport) is a condition in which energy intake is insufficient over time relative to the body's needs for training, recovery, growth, and other physiological functions. It can affect hormonal function, bone health, immunity, metabolism, and athletic performance.

MildModerateSevere

Testicular trauma

Testicular trauma most often occurs after a direct blow or compression to the scrotum and can range from a minor contusion to more serious injuries such as hematoma or testicular rupture. Sudden severe pain after trauma must also be assessed for possible testicular torsion.

GroinOther tissueMildModerateSevere

Athletic pubalgia / sports hernia

Athletic pubalgia is load-related pain around the pubic bone and lower abdomen/groin, often seen in athletes performing repeated sprinting, changes of direction, and kicking. Despite the name, it does not necessarily involve a typical inguinal hernia.

GroinMuscleMildModerateSevere

Neck injury

Neck injury ranges from muscular strain and minor soft-tissue injury to serious injuries involving the cervical spine, vertebrae, or spinal cord. Serious injury must be excluded after significant trauma.

NeckMuscleMildModerateSevere

Concussion

A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that temporarily affects brain function. It can occur after a blow to the head or body, and symptoms may appear immediately or develop later.

HeadOther tissueMildModerateSevere

Metatarsal stress fracture

A load-related injury of one of the metatarsal bones where repeated loading exceeds the bone's ability to recover. It can develop gradually and may in some cases progress to a complete fracture.

FootBoneMildModerateSevere

Lisfranc injury

An injury to the midfoot involving the joints and ligaments around the Lisfranc region. It can range from a minor ligament injury to fracture or displacement and should be taken seriously.

FootJointMildModerateSevere

Sever's disease

Sever's disease is a growth-related painful condition affecting the growth plate of the heel bone. It mainly affects growing children and adolescents who do a lot of running and jumping. Symptoms often develop gradually and worsen with running, sprinting, jumping and changes of direction. The condition usually resolves over time but may recur during the growth period.

FootBoneMildModerateSevere

Osteochondral knee injury

An injury involving both the articular cartilage and the underlying bone of the knee joint. It may occur acutely after trauma or with repeated loading and can affect knee function.

KneeBoneMildModerateSevere

Patellar dislocation

A patellar dislocation occurs when the kneecap moves out of its normal position, usually toward the outside of the knee. The kneecap may sometimes relocate spontaneously or require reduction by a healthcare professional.

KneeJointMildModerateSevere

Meniscal injury

An injury to the meniscus of the knee, which contributes to shock absorption and load distribution. The meniscus can be injured acutely during twisting or develop symptoms gradually.

KneeJointMildModerateSevere

PCL injury

An injury to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), which helps stabilize the knee and limit backward movement of the tibia. The injury may be partial or complete.

KneeLigamentMildModerateSevere

ACL injury

An injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), often caused by a rapid change of direction, landing or twisting movement. The injury may be partial or complete and can affect knee stability.

KneeLigamentMildModerateSevere

Wrist fracture

A fracture of a wrist bone, often causing pain, swelling and reduced hand function.

WristBoneMildModerateSevere

Thumb ligament injury

A thumb ligament injury, often from forceful sideways stress; UCL injury is sometimes called skier's or gamekeeper's thumb.

HandJointMildModerateSevere

Finger fracture

A finger fracture may cause pain, swelling, tenderness and sometimes deformity.

HandBoneMildModerateSevere

Finger dislocation

A finger joint has moved out of its normal position and is often visibly deformed and painful.

HandJointMildModerateSevere

Finger sprain

Pain and swelling around a finger joint after forceful bending or hyperextension.

HandJointMildModerateSevere

Wrist sprain

Pain, swelling and tenderness in the wrist after twisting, a fall or another force.

WristJointMildModerateSevere

Elbow overuse injury

Gradual pain or tenderness around the elbow that worsens with repetitive loading.

ElbowTendonMildModerateSevere

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